Herzberg's Hygiene and Motivational Factors

Herzberg developed a list of factors (Herzberg, 1966) that are based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, except his version is more closely related to the working environment:

HERZBERG'S HYGIENE & MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS

Hygiene or Dissatisfies:

o Working conditions
o Policies and administrative practices
o Salary and Benefits
o Supervision
o Status
o Job security
o Co-workers
o Personal life
Motivators or Satisfiers:
o Recognition
o Achievement
o Advancement
o Growth
o Responsibility
o Job challenge

Hygiene factors must be present in the job before motivators can be used to stimulate that person. That is, you cannot use motivators until all the hygiene factors are met. Herzberg's needs are specifically job related and reflect some of the distinct things that people want from their work as opposed to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs which reflect all the needs in a persons life.

Building on this model, Herzberg coined the term "job enrichment" to describe the process of redesigning work in order to build in motivators.